Purpose of Urban Greenbelts

The term â€Å"greenbelt† refers to any area of undeveloped natural land that has been set aside near urban or developed land to provide open space, offer light recreational opportunities, or contain development. And, yes, the natural greenbelts along areas of Southeast Asia’s coastlines, including the region’s mangrove forests, served as buffers and helped to prevent even greater loss of life from the December 2004 tsunami. The Importance of Greenbelts in Urban Areas Greenbelts in and around urban areas have probably not saved any lives, but they are important nonetheless to the ecological health of any given region. The various plants and trees in greenbelts serve as organic sponges for various forms of pollution, and as storehouses of ​carbon dioxide to help offset global climate change. â€Å"Trees are an important part of the city infrastructure,† says Gary Moll of American Forests. Because of the many benefits trees provide to cities, Moll likes to refer to them as the â€Å"ultimate urban multi-taskers.† Urban Greenbelts Provide Links to Nature Greenbelts are also important to help urban dwellers feel more connected to nature. Dr. S.C. Sharma of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in India believes that all cities should â€Å"earmark certain areas for the development of greenbelts [to] bring life and color to the concrete jungle and [a] healthy environment to the urbanites.† While urban living may hold important advantages over rural living, feeling disconnected from nature is a serious drawback of city life. Greenbelts Help to Limit Urban Sprawl Greenbelts are also important in efforts to limit sprawl, which is the tendency for cities to spread out and encroach on rural lands and wildlife habitat. Three U.S. states—Oregon, Washington,  and Tennessee—require their largest cities to establish so-called â€Å"urban growth boundaries† to limit sprawl through the establishment of planned greenbelts. Meanwhile, the cities of Minneapolis, Virginia Beach, Miami,  and Anchorage have created urban growth boundaries on their own. In California’s Bay Area, the nonprofit Greenbelt Alliance has successfully lobbied for the establishment of 21 urban growth boundaries across four counties surrounding the city of San Francisco. Greenbelts Around the World The concept has also caught on in Canada, with the cities of Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver adopting similar mandates for the creation of greenbelts to improve land use. Urban greenbelts can also be found in and around larger cities in Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Are Greenbelts Essential to World Peace? The greenbelt concept has even spread to rural areas, such as those in East Africa. Womens’ rights and environmental activist Wangari Maathai launched the Green Belt Movement in Kenya in 1977 as a grassroots tree-planting program to address the challenges of deforestation, soil erosion and lack of water in her home country. To date, her organization has overseen the planting of 40 million trees across Africa. In 2004, Maathai was the first environmentalist to be awarded the prestigious Nobel Peace Prize. Why peace? â€Å"There can be no peace without equitable development, and there can be no development without sustainable management of the environment in a democratic and peaceful space,† said Maathai in her Nobel acceptance speech. EarthTalk is a regular feature of E/The Environmental Magazine. Selected EarthTalk columns are reprinted on About Environmental Issues by permission of the editors of E. Edited by Frederic Beaudry

To What Extent Should The Drinking Age Be Lowered

It is no secret that underage drinking is rampant in the United States. Though it’s illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to buy or possess alcohol, people under the age of 21 accounts for 17.5% of consumer spending for alcohol nationwide and 90% of that is consumed through binge drinking (Tracy). According to the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, about 9.3 million Americans between ages 12-20 report current alcohol consumption (Distillers Fighting). With alcohol being one the most commonly abused drugs and soon to pass tobacco on the cause of death list, the pose the questions that if lowering the drinking age could actually increase responsible alcohol intake. There are numerous, and conflicting, studies that support both†¦show more content†¦Youth exposure to alcohol advertising on U.S. television increased 71 percent between 2001 and 2009 (The Center). In the 1920’s when prohibition went into effect, supports claimed that banning alcohol would lead to a decrease in crimes and it would benefit the economy greatly. However, just the opposite happened, crime increased greatly over the next decade as top criminals such as Al Capone took over selling bootleg alcohol. The government took a big hit as the not only lost money from stores not making a profit off alcohol, but they had invested billions into enacting the law. Like the prohibition, could the US be wrong with their beliefs in teenagers and alcohol? However, to what extent would dropping the drinking age affect our society? Would we really have more responsible adolescent drinking? One study believes not. According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention dropping the drinking age would not positively affect youths drinking as such believed by the European age limit. In data collected by the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, 36% of high school sophomores in the US said that they have been drunk or binge drink in the last mon th while 47% of European Sophomores said they have (Comparison). More facts go on to verify that EU has one of the highest drinking rate in the world and that  ¼ deaths among young men (age 15-29) is due to alcoholShow MoreRelatedShould the Drinking Age Be Lowered to 18? Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesargument amongst Americans is determining that the current legal drinking age which is 21 should be lowered to eighteen or not. Researching the following propaganda made me understand the dangers to the youth and people in America if the drinking age were to lower. Therefore i will argue with whoever disagrees with me that the drinking age should be lowered. Id like to explain six reasons to why the drinking age should not be lowered beginning with the strongest reasons. First reason being is thatRead MoreShould Teen Underage Be Banned?845 Words   |  4 PagesShould teenagers allow to drink just because they turn eighteen years old and now legally adults? In the U.S when an individual arrived at eighteen they are viewed as a grown-up. Being an adult as per the law which mean develop enough to vote, purchase cigarettes, and even sign up for the army. The purpose of lowering the drinking age to eighteen has been talked about for a few years. Right when drinking underage shouldn’t be permitted because it’s unsafe, when it comes to health complications regardsRead MoreJoining the Military: A Life Changing Decision1588 Words   |  6 Pagesto die for his country why can’t he/she drink? The history of the minimum legal age to drink alcohol dates all the way back to the end of Prohibition in 1933. At that time, lawmakers chose the age of 21 as the youngest age at which people could consume alcohol. That number, however, has changed as time passed. For instance, 29 states lowered the minimum legal drinking age between 1970 and 1975. The minimum age throughout the country during those years was 18, 19 or 20, depending on which stateRead MoreHow Bingeing Became the New College Sport Essay621 Words   |  3 Pagessafely say that this article is going to be about binge drinking among underage drinking at colleges. Also the issue of lowering the drinking age to under 21. * Topic: How bingeing became the new college sport Claim: And why it would stop if we lowered the drinking age. ~ The topic and claim are basically stating that the higher you raise the drinking age the worse off all the college kids are going to be, If we did lower the drinking age it would take away their sense of rebelling and adrenalinRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age To 18 Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesWhether Or Not Should Drinking Age Be Lowered From 21 to 18 Years This discussion has been going on for long on many forums without a decisive conclusion or agreement. This is mainly because both the arguments for lowering the age to 18 years and not lowering have some substantial facts to support them. The people who are against lowering the drinking age come up with a number of arguments which are explained below. Several states like Michigan, Massachusetts, and Maine in the United States ofRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age For The United States Government Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesPolicy Paper There are multiple policies that should be taken into high consideration for the United States government. However, one specific topic that needs to be addressed is the legal drinking age. As of now, the legal drinking age in America is 21. To some residents, this law is considerably reasonable. To others, having the drinking age of 21 seems unnecessary for multiple reasons. Most people would agree that having the current drinking age allows for more responsible teens and young adultsRead More Lower Legal Drinking Age Essays1249 Words   |  5 Pages Since the states increased their drinking age to 21 in 1987, every citizen of this country between the ages of 18 and 20 have been oppressed by the very people elected to power to protect their rights. It is evident that the legal drinking age among Americans should be lowered to the legal age of adulthood, 18 years. At this age, any American can marry without their Parent’s approval and can move out of their guardian’s ho use and live on their own. Why are these adults deprived of their right toRead MoreDefinition Of Distracted Driving : Driving Car Motor Vehicle1509 Words   |  7 Pagesdriving a motor vehicle while engaged in another activity. Smart Device means is an electronic device, generally connected to other devices or networks via different wireless protocols such as Bluetooth, NFC, Wi-Fi, 3G, etc., that can operate to some extent interactively and autonomously. Vehicle means a thing used for transporting people or goods, especially on land, such as a car, truck, bus , motorcycle. Driver means the person who site behind the Steering wheel and control and drive the carRead MoreQuestions concerning criminal law Essay1639 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿questions concerning criminal justice and safety Questions Concerning Criminal Justice and Safety i. What are the specific aims purposes of the criminal law? To what extent does the criminal law control behaviour? Do you believe that the law is too restrictive or not restrictive enough? The specific aims and purposes of criminal law is to punish criminals, and prevent people from becoming future criminals by using deterrence. â€Å"Having a criminal justice systemRead MoreExploring Why the Mass Media May Exert Only a Limited Influence Over the Audience1307 Words   |  6 Pagesand radio stations. It is evident that the media in general has become a major function in most people’s lives and consequently has been blamed fir crime, abortion and the corruption of morals in society. I will attempt to evaluate to what extent the media exerts influence over their audiences by examining the media models. I believe that this is an important issue to consider as the media continues to centre the lives of many difference social groups as on a daily basis

Survey of Software Systems Free Essays

Week 6 Case Study 1. How important is the reservation system at airlines such as WestJet and JetBlue? How does it impact operational activities and decision making? The reservation system is extremely important to small airline companies such as WestJet and JetBlue. Since these companies are small and fairly new, efficient customer service is essential to their success. We will write a custom essay sample on Survey of Software Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now When potential customers visit the JetBlue and WestJet websites and view their competitive rates, it is imperative that they are met with a completely capable, efficient information system to book their reservations on. Also, the reservation system will impact operational activities because it clearly lies out how many reservations are currently booked which is essential in deciding on the number of aircraft to use for a specific block of time to a specific destination. It also provides foresight on how much fuel to have on the aircraft etc. Another thing that the reservation system helps is the ability to know when to advertise specials on certain flights in order to fill the roster and offer standby to last minute travelers. 2. Evaluate the risks of the projects to upgrade the reservation systems of WestJet and JetBlue and key risk factors. There are several risks associated with upgrading any information systems within a company. Typically the most difficult tasks involve providing training to the employees that are responsible for using, operating or receiving data from the upgraded information systems. In this situation in particular, one of the major concerns for these companies was that the information system updates would cause defects in the system and also that the time that it would take to upgrade the reservation system could cause a gap in services to the user. An outage in their web services would cause major setbacks for both companies and neither of them could afford the loss. The text states that WestJet had been running practice tests and training for over 100,000 hours in preparation for the live upgrade. Still, they encountered some issues that they had not planned for during the live upgrade. This caused the website to be inaccessible for quite some time during and after the upgrade. This caused an enormous number of dissatisfied customers. Users flocked to Facebook and other social networking sites to express their dissatisfaction with WestJet’s services; they also called customer service in an effort to gain a better understanding about what was going on. As a result of the increase in customer service calls that WestJet was also unprepared for, there was a major increase in customer service wait times, which then led to more angry customers. Luckily WestJet was able to redeem itself some time down the road and didn’t take too much of a hit financially because of that mishap. This goes to show that the risks associated with upgrading information systems within a company are extremely high and in no way should they be undermined. Companies should always be prepared when attempting to upgrade information systems otherwise the loss has the potential to be devastating. 3. Classify and describe the problems each airline faced in implementing its new reservation system. What people, organization, and technology factors caused those problems? The problems that WestJet faced in implementing its new reservation system ran the gamut. They had a number of organizational problems which included the fact that they obviously hadn’t considered the possibility that the transfer could not go as planned. Although they trained and practiced for over 100,000 hours in preparation for the transfer, they failed to have a backup plan, which is something that every company needs to have should they need to employ other options. When the initial plan was foiled, there weren’t even enough employees to handle the commotion that the lack of web services caused. They also had a critical technology problem, and that was that the file transfer didn’t go as planned. Another technology problem was that the unsuccessful file transfer caused the web services to be down for a number of hours. There should have been a backup webpage to mitigate that gap in service. JetBlue on the other hand, was very well organized based on the information that the text gave. They had a backup for their webpage that they ended up needing to use because their servers were down due to the file transfer. They chose a low web traffic day to initiate the file transfer; and they hired 500 temporary employees to man the call center in case they had an increased number of customer service calls. JetBlue also had technology problems which caused a delay in their data transfer but the reason that it didn’t affect them as bad as it did with WestJet, is because they were prepared, 4. Describe the steps you would have taken to control the risk in these projects. The risk associated with performing live data transfers is imminent. There will never be a way to completely mitigate that risk, but if I were in that situation I would handle it like JetBlue did. I would examine all of the possible outcomes and have a backup in place to control the possible damage. I would have definitely had a backup web interface and I would have hired temporary employees to help with the extra workload. Basically, I would have done the exact same things that JetBlue did. 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Do Unsean Colours Exist Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Make Unsean Colours Exist Essay, Research Paper Do unobserved colorss exist in the universe and is at that place colour at all, the age old inquiry? The thought of sound will be investigated in the undermentioned essay. Is at that place sound in the universe and if a tree falls in the wood and there is no organic structure about does it really do a noise? These thoughts will be followed by the theory of coloring material. Persons? believe? they see color, so people believe there is coloring material in the universe and do non even believe twice about the issue. Still, some philosophers have presented thoughts about the universe with no coloring material. Is this theory plausible? Following these two inquiries, I will supply my return on the two theories of sound and coloring material and render my stance on whether I believe in the thoughts of philosophers or whether I do non believe their suggestions have any backup and supply stable cogent evidence. Sound is a quiver of air molecules caused by the gesture of an object. The moving ridge is a compaction moving ridge where the denseness of the molecules is higher. This moving ridge travels through the air at a velocity dependant on the temperature. A sound moving ridge contains energy, which in bend means it can do things move. However, if the moving ridge work stoppages something solid, it will resile back ( www.askjeeves.com { sound } ) . When a tree falls and there is no 1 about does it do a sound? There are two ways to look at the statement presented. The first manner would include that sound is something that is nonsubjective and independent. When a tree falls it makes a noise ( sound ) and the noise that is produced is by the falling and striking of the land of the tree. This statement does non necessitate anyone to turn out its concretness, and it may even go on without anyone cognizing it. The other theory that is presented is one of scientific adequateness where 1 has to believe about the solution and have prior cognition about sound moving ridges and the theories behind them. When a tree falls, quivers occur and cause moving ridges in the air, which are detected by our ears and are so sent as messages to our encephalon and nervousnesss. An tantamount reaction happens when our eyes see a colored object. There is a procedure that takes topographic point and a reaction has to happen before you can understand what you merely saw or heard. Therefore far, the two theories are related. The differentiation between the two comes into consequence when we look at whether we are hearing the moving ridges in the air or whether this is the cause of the sound every bit good as the moving ridges? The statement of the fallen tree in the forest merely discusses the air waves ; sound on the other manus is referred to as something physically heard. The? sound itself is the consequence of the physical and physiological procedures initiated by the fallen tree? ( Landesman, 18 ) . One philosopher that had a theory on this issue is William Ockham. His theory is referred to as the Ockham razor. He said, ? entities are non to be multiplied beyond necessity? . Ockham stated we should non include nonsubjective sound at all. By making this we are doing things simpler and his logical thinking for this was the simpler things were the better they turn out. Ockham is non differing that sounds exist but that there are two types of sounds: subjective and dependant. Since merely air moving ridges play a function in the hearing of sound, there is no point in believing that nonsubjective sound exists in the function of sound at all. George Berkeley was non so enticed by Ockham? s theory. He saw many defects in his logical thinking and came up with his ain accounts. His theory was that sound could be given a categorization. There are many distinguishable sounds which are all different and cause assorted emotions in people. Some sounds cause a individual to experience joy, while other sounds cause a individual to see a bad memory, therefore doing hurting. Air moving ridges are merely a quiver or undulant motion in the air. There are no belongingss of sound such as volume that are caused by these moving ridges. Berkeley? s realisation was that there is no executable manner that sound and air moving ridges can be classified together in the same sphere. Colour is one or any mixture of the components into which visible radiation is separated in a rainbow. Colour is lightwaves absorbed or reflected by everything around us. In nature, a rainbow is white visible radiation that is broken apart by the wet in the air ( www.askjeeves.com { color } ) . With this statement, one might inquire if objects that are unobserved have colour and is at that place colour in the universe at all? Locke is the first philosopher to province that persons opinions are all wrong. We think we observe things and know the result of these happenings, nevertheless, this is false. Our senses deceive us in every manner, changing our beliefs about everything we originally perceived to be true. An illustration of this state of affairs is when a individual looks at a lamp, he looks at it and observes with his ain two eyes that the object in forepart of him is brown. Locke says he genuinely thinks that the object must be brown, but he is incorrect and one time once more his senses are lead oning him. The object does non posses any coloring material at all, the object is in fact colourless. The lone ground we observe coloring materials is because when we perceive things, our senses react and do us to see different colorss. Harmonizing to the principal of symmetricalness, there is no ground to believe in the theory of nonsubjective coloring material. We think we know about coloring material because there is? a effect of the action of the atomic constructions of organic structures upon our ocular variety meats. Color itself is non a belongings of the atomic constructions of organic structures: neither Locke? s corpuscularian hypothesis nor the atomic theory of modern natural philosophies supposes that the colors we see are belongingss for the atoms or of aggregations of atoms? ( Landesman, 29 ) . Locke so discusses his two theories about coloring material. He comments that the first are colorss that we are straight cognizant of which lone exists in esthesis and the 2nd are colorss of organic structures to do esthesis in us. This theory has no existent virtue because any manner a individual describes a coloring material, the same coloring material is being illustrated. Whether an single says that object is? orange? or do you hold an? orange? piece of paper, the same substance is being asked. The individual is still inquiring for the same coloring material, hence, it is the same, there are no two significances for the coloring material? orange? . Basically, the thought Locke is seeking to acquire across is that there is no coloring material. The lone coloring material that is presented is through sense experience. Many philosophers and other knowing persons do non hold with Locke? s theory and have come up with their ain statements about coloring material. One of these people who have come up with their ain coloring material theory is Max Planck. He believed that? coloring material is to be identified with some of the physical characteristics in nature responsible for our sense consciousness of colour. ? He besides thought coloring material was explained by the frequences of wave lengths ( light moving ridges ) . He does non discourse the word? coloring material? at all, he is talking about the features which colour possesses and is consistently associating the two together. Locke? s position of the secondary qualities of coloring material declares that the colorss are subjective and dependent. Our senses are responding to our ain experiences and the feelings that we hold are bring forthing us to see colorss. The colorss are a reaction to our perceptual experience, therefore, there are no colors with objects themselves. On colorss as a secondary quality, philosophers besides disagree with Locke? s theory and have concluding to endorse up their theories of coloring material and ignore his. Rene Descartes has a theory? mind-body dualism? which proposes that the head and the organic structure are two different entities. He agreed that the head and organic structure have to make with each other, but are different. When a individual views a coloring material, the head observes the coloring material and has a esthesis but the organic structure does non hold to travel consequently. This happening is in the head of the person. Colorss have a strong bond with extension. This thought would associate that anything extended would be coloured. A dualist can non claim that colorss are subjected, the thought of an object looking a certain coloring material does non intend it is that coloring material, all it means is that some mental event is happening and doing a reaction. The 2nd theory that in contrast to Locke is the Materialist place. They feel that the head of a individual is in the encephalon and the nervous system and nil else is included in finding circumstance. They besides feel whatever goes on in the head is the encephalon working and responding to the different state of affairss. To solidify their statement and to supply dependability, they say? if mental events could be encephalon procedures, so the rule of simpleness requires that they be identified with encephalon procedures? ( Landesman, 33 ) . If an single observes coloring material, there has to be a coloring material spot which is taking topographic point in the eyes, encephalon or nervousnesss. This is doing some assorted chemical reaction which may non be exercising color, but the individual is responding to the event and sing coloring material. The chief protagonist of this theory was Thomas Hobbes. When analyzing all the present theories, it is difficult for me to happen a philosopher and theory, which I can appreciate all of their positions and statements. In my sentiment, all of the statements had some really intelligent thoughts to endorse up their theories, but they besides had some thoughts that made no logical sense. I could non associate to some of their positions as to what they were seeking to acquire across, hence, I have to travel with my ain theory and believe what I thought about Colour and Sound before I researched and obtained cognition from the assorted philosophers. I believe that that there is color and sound in the universe and I experience them everyday of my life. I hear sound and I see color and it is impossible for anyone to state me this is non true. With my ain two eyes I observe all the different colors that life has presented and with my ears I am able to hear sound and people speaking around me. If these two features where non in my life I think I wo uld cognize this and my life would be really different. I do non believe that there genuinely is no coloring material and I do non believe I will of all time with come to this decision. The thoughts presented were valid in that they made me inquiry if there genuinely is no coloring material or sound in the universe. After reading the book and seeing the highlighter on my page, I have disregarded all the thoughts of coloring material non bing at all. I am convinced that these were all theories by proved philosophers to seek to prehend persons to fall for their? loony? ideas. Colour and sound are in the universe and this is non an thought, it is world. n/a